Speech to the new intake informing them of our expectations: The SS

am here today to tell you about Germanys greatest people, The SS. The SS belongs to Germany and every single one of you here should be very proud to be part of it. The SS is very important. It is led by extremely powerful leaders and if you are in the SS you have to be determined. There is no time for fun and games. Most of you in here are the Arian race (blond hair, blue eyes, tall and thin) which is what we want in Germany although if you are not, there is no need to worry because we have investigated your back round and you have no Jewish connections. I am going to start off today by talking about the appearance of the SS. The kinds of people we look for in the SS are no normal people. We are looking for amazingly fit human beings. People that are strong minded and people who could go through any think. The idea for the SS is blond hair, blue eyes, tall and thin. Although as I have already mentioned if you do not exactly fit into this category do not worry. One thing is certain though; we do not want any Jewish blood in you people. Jews are the people trying to destroy Germany so we need to stop them. I am now going to briefly talk to you about Germany glorious history from 1925. The SS was created in 1925. Its full name is the ‘Schutzstaffel', which means protection squad. We created the SS to provide protection for Hitler and other Nazi leaders. In the mid twenties the SS was not very important, it only had a few hundred members and was run by SA. When the SS got a new leader in 1929 things changed. Heninrich Himmer was the new leader, he cam from a well-off middle class family. He joined Nazis in 1923 after service in Army and Free Corps. In the 1929 he was 29 years old. Himmer was very ambitious when he took over the SS. In 1930 the SS and SA was separated. The SS continued to provide Hitler with protection. They were also given black uniforms to show their independence. They looked out for people being disloyal to Hitler. As this time went on the SS started to grow and carry out more functions. In 1932 the SS began to develop army-style units. When Nazis came to power in 1933 Himmler set out to bring all of German's police forces under SS control. There was some completion, which was getting in Himmlers way though. Opposition was not good and we had to get rid of it. For example Gustav von Kahr who betrayed Hitler in the Putsch in 1923 was murdered. Another murder squad went to the house of General Kurt Schliecher, a former chancellor, who had said things against Hitler. He was shot dead along with his wife. The most extensive and successful slaughter we had was the night of the long knives (30th June/1st July 1934). Many were killed on this night including several storm troopers. The leader Ernst Rohm was also killed. Another 400 were killed. This may seem like we took it to far but the Storm troopers were mostly thugs and greedy. They dreamed of seizing the money, businesses and properly of wealthy Germans and the land of the aristocratic Junker class. I am now going to move on to tell you about our main departments. We have many departments amongst us. Ill start off by telling you about the Gestapo. Hermann Georing controls the Gestapo. He was head of the big state of Prussia. The Gestapo was a secret police force. The Gestapo was established on April 26, 1933, in Prussia, from the existing organization of the Prussian Secret Police. The Gestapo was first simply a branch of the Prussian Police. The role of the Gestapo was to investigate and combat â€Å"all tendencies dangerous to the State.† It had the authority to investigate treason, espionage and sabotage cases, and cases of criminal attacks on the Nazi Party and on Germany. Another department is the ‘Death's Heads Units' which were set up to guard camps. These units treated prisoners in a barbaric fasion. Speical SS units called ‘Einsatzgruppen' were set up to deal with the resistance to Nazi rule in German-occupied counties. They deal with anyone who looks like a threat. Mostly the worst people like priests, polictal leaders and Jews are killed. The Waffen SS gew out of Hitler's SS bodygurad. The amount of people rose to half a million. The Waffen SS fough alonside ordinary Germans. It had a reputaion for being ruthless and burtal. I am now going to tell you about the aims of concentration camps. Concentration Camps were set up in Germany by Hermann Goering and Heinrich Himmler in 1933. The aim of these camps were to get rid of people who were ruining Germany and doing no good to the country. Most prisionors are Christains, Gypsies, homosexuals and Jews. These camps are good and teach people abit of law and order. If people disabay the rules of the camps there are consequences. The camps were a final solution I am going to finish off by telling you about role models. Reinhard Heydrich and myself should be role models. Reinhard Heydrich was a former naval officer who joined the SS in 1932, after his dismissal from the navy. He headed the SS Security Service, a Nazi party intelligence agency. In 1933-1934, he became head of the political police. You should look up to this man. I am the leader of this training school I so I expect respect from everyone here and then we will get on fine. I hope this speech has helped you understand a bit more than you originally knew about the SS.

My Summer Narrative Essay Essay

Narrative Essay It was a hot summer day in the year 2002 when I went camping with my family in Savannah, Georgia. I will never forget this day because it’s the day I learned the lesson that if I don’t obey my parents the consequences will be large. I was only about six years old when we first pulled into the campground. Of course being a young child the first thing I noticed was this extravagant playground out near the road. When me and my sister, Natalie who was around seven at this time, saw it we both looked at each other and knew we were going to go play on that playground. We pulled into our campsite that was located near the very back of the park and our parents started unpacking everything and setting up the motorhome. They were making it obvious they wanted us out of their way. They grabbed our dolls, bikes and chalk out of the car and told us to go play. Natalie and I knew this was the perfect time to go play on the playground that we saw on our way in. It just so happened there was a playground right by our campsite as well. We came up with the perfect plan. We would tell our parents we were going to go play on the playground and trick into them into thinking we meant the one right near our campsite. In reality we planned on going to the big one near the front of the campground and not have to lie in the process. So we grabbed our bikes and asked our parents if we could ride over to the playground and play. They both said yes, so we rode off towards what we thought was the most beautiful playground we’ve ever saw. It was probably about a fifteen minute bike ride for us to get there. We dropped our bikes and ran to the playground and started playing. About a half hour passed when my sister Natalie decided she had to use the restroom. So she went around to the other side of the playground away from the road and decided to go. By this point we noticed there was this blue truck that drove past a few times while we were there. We began to get a little scared and thought maybe we should start going back to the camper. No sooner than we got back on our bikes our mom and dad came driving up with anger in their eyes. Me and Natalie knew we were about to be in some big trouble. Just as my parents got out of the car the man in the blue truck stopped and walked over. He started reprimanding my parents and told them they can’t let their kids run around without any supervision. He also said he was the manager and told my parents Natalie sed the restroom right out in the open. My parents apologized to the man and then made us apologize as well. The manager accepted our apology and told us we weren’t allowed back on that particular playground for the rest of our stay. By this point my our parents were livid and gave me and Natalie a 10 minute lecture about the dangers of them not knowing where we were and not being able to see us. They grabbed us and our bikes and we headed back to the campsite. When we got back they took all our toys and our bikes and we were told we weren’t allowed to join any of the activities the rest of the week. That week my family went swimming, horse back riding and hiking. Natalie and I didn’t get to do any of it and our siblings made sure they told us after every activity how fun it was. It was a time I’ll never forgot. It seems everything seems so much more traumatic when you are young. I learned the lesson that I should obey my parents even if I don’t necessarily want to. I’m not saying there aren’t times I don’t go against their will; but ever since that day I think to myself and analyze if the rule that I am about to break is worth the consequences I’ll have to pay if I get caught.

Failure of Chinas Cultural Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Failure of Chinas Cultural Revolution - Essay Example The Red Guards generation benefited from neither Maoist socialism nor Dengist reform. Mao's revolution abandoned them, sweeping them out of urban centers; Deng's reform left them on the sidelines when China moved to embrace the market. In Mao's era, the Red Guards generation was the poorest of all poor Chinese, living at the lowest income level. This poverty impeded they are exploiting the opportunities of Deng's reforms. The increasing costs of economic reform often started with them, further diminishing their capacity for competing in the market. Mao's revolution made them poor, forcing them to live a terrible life without economic liberty or any chance of improvement. It was even more painful when Deng's reform left them poor while Deng's regime glorified the rich (Tsou, 1996). Ever since they had been forced into society, they had been living on an income that only kept body and soul together. For those in the cities, working life began with an apprenticeship in factories, at 18 Yuan a month. When Deng's reform began, they had climbed to the second lowest grade of China's eight-grade salary system for workers, having a monthly salary of less than 40 Yuan. In the 1970s and early 1980s, this salary allowed them some small savings, but it often took them 1 or 2 years before they could buy a Shanghai-produced watch or bicycle, each priced at around 150 Yuan. Of those who went to the countryside, a minority was assigned to the military-imitated 'farming corps'. (Dutton, 2004)They first lived on a monthly subsidy of about 15 Yuan and later, when they had to pay for their own food, on a stipend system with '285 dimes' a month, as one sent-down youth mocked it. The majority had been forced into the villages and lived on a 'points system'  Ã‚  of people's communes. If a sent-down youth became a ten-points laborer (the highest rank), his (or her) 1-day work in most areas was valued at 30-50 cents on the village's account. If he worked over 330 days, at the end of t he year he might get 40-60 Yuan after the deduction of the costs of the grain and other agricultural products he had received during the year. In a few areas ten-points a day was worth over 1 Yuan, but in many areas ten-points a day was worth 20, 10 or only 7 cents. Even worse, the sent-down youths were often not regarded as ten-points laborers. (Yang, 1997) Those in the cities were among the poorest because they were at the bottom of the urban salary ladder that was framed on seniority. Those in the 'farming corps' were among the poorest because they were treated as the lowest ranked 'farming soldiers' (bingtuan Shashi), while others in their 'corps' were either 'farming officers' or 'farming workers', living on a slightly higher salary.

What role does technology play in development Essay

What role does technology play in development - Essay Example Knowledge and technology should be considered together otherwise development is hampered. Nowadays information and communication technologies are the potential for the development. Therefore it is necessary to pay attention to distribution and application of these technologies in order to give equal rights to developed and developing countries (Wehelive, 2005, p. 39). This research paper considers technology and development with regard to information society. The works by Bell, Schumacher, Smith, Ovitt, Steinberg, Castells and others are focused on thee discussion of connection between technology and development. The majority of researchers claim that technology and development are closely connected and technology is considered to be a crucial factor in a modern society. On the other hand, inequity of technology distribution between developed and developing countries may be a drawback of development. Moreover, technological progress may be an obstacle to development. Thus it is relevant to discuss not technology, but intermediate or appropriate technology as it is suggested by Schumacher and Ovitt. Daniel Bell is focused on the study of the information society. His writings are mainly focused on three main issues: post-industrial information and workforce; the second one is about information flows; the third is focused on the discussion of connection between computers and the information revolution. Bell has always connected the society first with goods and then with services. Furthermore, Bell draws parallels between information and knowledge (Duff, 1998, p. 373). He emphasizes the significance of theoretical knowledge and its importance for a modern society. Thus Bell’s claim about the post-industrial society concerns theoretical knowledge as the only way to successful development. He suggests knowledge to be codified into symbols and be applied

Protecting Homeland Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Protecting Homeland Security - Essay Example Following the events of Sept. 11, the U.S. government has had a keen awareness of the risks posed by international terrorist groups, but it is divided over whether the military should be restructured in order to better respond to those threats. One major element of that dilemma has been the funding. With the Pentagon already engaged in expensive, armed conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, two countries invaded by U.S.-led forces as part of the war on terrorism, many wonder whether the U.S. can afford to implement major reforms in its military ranks. Since there is no clear answer to that question, efforts to institute far-reaching structural and policy changes in the U.S. military have divided many within Congress, the Pentagon and the defense industry, which produces the equipment and weapons used by the U.S. military. Supporters of military transformation include Bush, many prominent members of his administration, high-ranking officials in the Pentagon, members of Congress and a number of firms within the defense industry. They collectively argue that, due to the war on terrorism, conditions are right for reforming the military for the 21st century.

Business research report Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Business report - Research Paper Example What are the responsibilities of the corporate companies with reference to glass ceiling? Based on the literature review and discussions, the paper outlines the recommendations to create a level playing field for the women employees to succeed in their carrier and attain top positions of leadership. The recommendations outlined covers introduction of reforms in the performance scales to avoid discrimination on the basis of gender, introduction of quota system by the government by allocating proportional representation for women in recruitment and promotions to higher positions and introduction of legal reforms by the government for property rights to women in succession. These basic reforms at the company and government level will increase the presence of women in top positions in various organizations, institutions and the government departments. The other barriers enumerated will be shattered down over the period of time, once the fundamental reform process covering these issues ar e carried out. Introduction Purpose of the report The issue of glass ceiling in the context of the developments in technology, telecommunication and media assumes greater significance on account equality of opportunities to the women in the society. Several companies have declared this issue as an objective in their CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) programs. The purpose of the report is to analyze and present the various issues involved in practice and the ways to rectify the position for a better working atmosphere by ensuring equality in opportunity for all in the society for a sustainable development. Scope The scope of the paper is to cover the concept of glass ceiling, the factors leading to this phenomenon in the companies, institutions and government and the responsibilities on the part of the corporate companies or other institutions in fixing up the issue. And as such, the issues extraneous to this objective are covered only to the extent they are relevant to the topic of the discussion. Sources and Methods This report relies mainly on secondary sources for analysis and discussion. The data with reference to glass ceiling are analyzed in the background of the information gathered from the secondary sources which forms the basis for the recommendations. Limitations The psychological factors involved in the study may vary from person to person within the society among males and females. Therefore, perception with regard to the issues could be mostly subjective in nature conditioned by their cultural background, level of education and the individuals’ experience. Therefore, the study can only give broad outlines in its findings and giving specific solution or recommendation to the issue would be difficult. Glass ceiling The discrimination by sex was outlawed in the Civil Rights Act, 1964. The barriers to the advancement of women in employment especially for the leadership positions still exists in various forms though there has been considera ble progress achieved in the lower and middle levels in business organizations and the government departments as per the statistics. Stock, K (2011) states that

Summarize three articles or Web resources from the surveying bodies Term Paper

Summarize three articles or Web resources from the surveying bodies resources, from the studies in this unit, that apply to your - Term Paper Example It was reauthorized in 2009 as Children’s Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act (CHIPRA). This will run through 2013 and is expected to cover even more uninsured children. This program also is jointly undertaken by the Federal and State governments (CHIPP Policy). A health care professional needs to have a fair knowledge of these three programs to ensure that no needy individual suffers without an appropriate health insurance plan. Department of Health and Human Services. As part of public health and medical services support, the Department of Health and Human Services has guidelines for the First Response in the event of a disaster. Disaster being always a local phenomenon, the local government agency services need to be prepared to respond immediately in the event of a disaster. The state and local authorities will have to coordinate with each other in providing rescue and medical emergency services. If the disaster is beyond the State’s control, the Governor o f the State may ask for support from the Federal Government. Financial and other assistance are provided under the Robert T.Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act).

Leadership and decision making Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Leadership and decision making - Research Paper Example based on the consultants summary regarding the candidate’s personalities. F.C. is an extravert. Extraversion shows how comfortable an individual is with the external environment (Michael 94). Extraverts enjoy being around people. They employ both informal and formal leadership styles and can be described as sociable, talkative and enthusiastic. They dominate conversations most of the times and are not good listeners (Griffin and Moorhead 580). On the other hand, introverts like A.M. and J.T. score poorly on the extraversion scale. Introverts would rather choose to work alone as opposed to working in groups. They are quite serious and maintain high levels of privacy in their affairs at work. F.C.’s extravert trait will be vital in leading the loan officer’s group. This position requires lots of team work in performing activities of accessing credit worthiness and characters of those seeking to secure loans from the bank. It is important to be sociable in order for the group leader to easily fit into the team she will be leading. This quality lacks in A.M. Even though J.T. is an extravert, F.C.’s personality is superior since she does not have a strong desire to dominate her peers. A passion to dominate others would lead to internal conflicts within the loan officers’ team leading to ineffective operations and lack of cooperation which is necessary if the team is to succeed in performing its duties. Agreeableness is a personality which determines how well a person is likely to get along with other people. This factor approximates the point at which a person tires from being defiant and submits to the pressing situation. This is mainly determined by qualities such as being cooperative, good-natured, forgiving, understanding, compassionate and trusting (Hilsenroth, Segal and Hersen 47). One needs to be able to accommodate others in order to be referred to as agreeable. From this point of view, individuals can be classified as chal lengers, negotiators or adapters. Challengers are sceptical, guarded, persistent, tough and competitive. They are viewed at times as rude, hostile and self-centred. Negotiators seek a win-win solution to problems. They therefore shift between being cooperative and being competitive. Adapters are viewed as humble, tolerant and accepting. They come across as naive, conflict-averse, submissive and at times unprincipled since they easily yield to pressing circumstances (Silverthorne 73). In order to lead the loan officers, the preferred candidate should be a negotiator. This will assist in the negotiations associated with the processing loans. Adapters are more likely to give out loan to highly risky borrowers without proper ways to mitigate the risk for the benefit of the company. Challengers are more likely to set the bar too high disqualifying potentially good borrowers and thus reducing the likelihood of the bank earning from interests accruing from such loans. F.C. has been describ ed as competitive even though she does not exhibit â€Å"a strong desire for dominance†. This shows that she is a negotiator scoring well in the perspective of agreeableness. The next personality dimension which is vital in evaluating leadership qualities in an individual is conscientiousness. This shows the extent to which a person is dependable, responsible, achievement-oriented and persistent. Conscientious leaders are good at making long-range goals and do well at organizing routes to

BTN2-10 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

BTN2-10 - Coursework Example The ratio reveals the dependency level of a firm on loan to runs its operation (Rodgers, 23). The formula for this ratio is (total debt/total asset) * 100. Low debt ratio is advisable that is 50%, and below because a high debt ratio turn away potential investors. There is a high chance of a firm to be declared bankrupt when the debt ratio is too high. Samsung, Apple, and Google had the following Debt ratio of 32.9%, 32.9%, and 23.5% respectively. Apple and Samsung have an equal debt ratio of 32.9% in this comparison thus, tend to be risky. Analyzing ROA for Samsung and Apple, Samsung has the lowest; therefore it can be considered the riskiest firm to invest. The recommended maximum level of debt ratio is 50% and all the three firms operate below it. For one to be successful in stock market like Warren Buffet, critical analysis need to be conducted on the financial performance of the interested company. One needs to consider profitability and risk level of the interested firms. In this case, Apple and Google can be considered on the basis of high profitability level of Apple, while Google low risk level. It should be noted that an investor will look for a high return from the investment. According to (Elton, & Gruber, 41), the higher the return, the riskier the investment, and, therefore, sound decisions need to be done. Comparing the risk versus return of the two firms one can make a sound decision on which firm to invest. For Apple return versus risk is (32.9/28.5=1.2), while for Google is (23.5/12.9=1.8). Apple has the lowest ratio, thus it is the best firm to invest in and get better

Deviant Behavior Homework Chapter 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Deviant Behavior Homework Chapter 1 - Essay Example Indeed, irresponsible owners of guns have caused much misery to loved ones of those who died from shootings like the Virginia Tech case. Firearms are sold and trade at local gun shows, flea markets, internet and even classified ads. These transactions do not require a background check; thus, a convicted felon or a mentally ill person can usually obtain firearms in this undesirable manner. This practice must be stopped. We must let our elected officials know the Brady law needs to govern all firearm sales for both licensed and unlicensed dealers. The waiting period should be ten business days which would allow local agencies to do the necessary detailed background check and to communicate with all other states before a purchase is made. Florida has some of the weakest gun laws in the nation. There is no state limit on the number of firearms that can be purchased at one time. As a consequence, a gun trafficker can buy large quantities of guns from a gun store and resell them to criminals from other states with tougher gun laws. An individual should not be allowed to purchase more than one gun in a six-month period unless such person is a state licensed dealer. Unfortunately Florida has no existing state licensing or oversight system which makes it very difficult for law enforcement to monitor illegal firearms. Each state must have a gun dealer regulation which would hold a gun seller accountable for their actions and help prevent criminals and other dangerous people from obtaining guns. For those whose lives have changed because of the reckless use of a firearm, no law is ever enough. The second website presents the justification for possessing firearms. Indeed, the Second Amendment protects the rights of all Americans to bear arms for self defense. So, why should this amendment change? The National Rifle Association has spent millions of dollars on

Seeds in Hard Ground Essay Example for Free

Seeds in Hard Ground Essay Ruth Rosenberg’s article, â€Å"Seeds in Hard Ground: Black Girlhood in The Bluest Eye,† offers a paradigm with which to view the growing-up process portrayed by Toni Morrison in her novel, The Bluest Eye. According to Rosenberg, Morrison’s novel is a landmark in literature because she has succeeded in portraying young, black American girls on their road to womanhood. Before her, no documented case in literature has been recorded that featured these girls in the center stage. Always, Rosenberg quotes Morrison, these girls were the props, set as part of the background, the moving scenery (436). More interestingly, however, it is Rosenberg’s treatment and reading of â€Å"colorism† in the novel that calls for attention (439). Colorism is akin to racism, where division and segregation is based on the color of one’s skin. Color, in fact, plays a crucial and central role in the novel, stealthily moving beyond the question of one’s skin. The most important transition of colorism is in Pecola’s wish to have blue eyes. She absurdly believes that possessing such would render her lovable, thereby eliminating pain from her world: If those eyes of hers were different, that is to say, beautiful, she herself would be different†¦Maybe they’d say, â€Å"Why look at pretty-eyed Pecola. We mustn’t do bad things in front of those pretty eyes. † †¦ Each night, without fail, she prayed for blue eyes. Fervently, for a year she had prayed. Although somewhat discouraged, she was not without hope. (Morrison 40) The longing for blue eyes were eventually destructive for Pecola as her desire for possessing the bluest eyes symbolize her own blindness – and it is this blindness, rather than her skin color, that eventually brings about her insanity and downfall. Pecola’s case is not isolated. The characters that people the novel, themselves perpetrators and victims of colorism, also exhibit their own â€Å"blindness. † Eyes, looking, and gazing all become important symbols in the novel. Despite being able to see, the characters are oftentimes blinded by colorism. As such, the novel underscores a very important theme: the great divide between superficial looking and deeper seeing. For Morrison, the more important way of seeing is painfully missing in the novel, leading to drastic and disastrous consequences. Inside Pecola’s shoe she hides her treasure: three pennies to get her nine Mary Janes. Inside the store, she encounters Mr. Yacobowski, who â€Å"urges his eyes out of his thoughts to encounter her (Morrison 41). † He has blue eyes that are blear-dropped, which he focuses on Pecola as he â€Å"looms up over the counter (Morrison 41). † But Somewhere between retina and object, between vision and view, his eyes draw back, hesitate, and hover. At some fixed point in time and space he senses that he need not waste the effort of a glance. He does not see her, because for him there is nothing to see. How can a fifty-two-year-old white immigrant†¦see a little black girl? (Morrison 42) Pecola immediately recognizes the storekeeper’s stare as â€Å"the total absence of human recognition the glazed separateness. this vacuum is not new to her. She has seen it lurking in the eyes of all white people†¦ (Morrison 42). With the stare Pecola is shamed and angered. Yet, it is not only Pecola’s desire for blue eyes or the white people’s vacant stares that stand for the blindness plaguing the characters caught in the grips of colorism. Consider the case of Maureen Peal, â€Å"the high yellow dream child with long brown hair braided into two lynch ropes that hung down her back (Morrison 52). † Such a description juxtaposes the vicious power that comes with her pretty face. Claudia is at the receiving end, as Maureen often gazes at her with â€Å"unearned haughtiness in her eyes (Morrison 54). † In knowing that she is prettier because she is whiter than the rest, Maureen condescends to them, seeing only their darker skin and eliminating them immediately as people lower than her. In the end, it is only Soaphead Church who listens with sympathy to Pecola’s pleas. He is the only one who sees through the curse of blindness by realizing that Pecola’s wish was â€Å"the most poignant and the one [wish] most deserving of fulfillment. A little black girl who wanted to rise up out of pit of her blackness and see the world with blue eyes (137). † But the price for this was heavy – for only she could see her eyes. Her frustration and disillusion sends her into a downward spiral, from which her friends cannot pull her out of. At the cost of her life, she gained the eyes she wanted. Works Cited Rosenberg, Ruth. â€Å"Seeds in Hard Ground: Black Girlhood in The Bluest Eye. † Black American Literature Forum 21. 4 (1987). 435-445. Morrison, Toni. The Bluest Eye. New York: Washington Square Press, 1970.

The Relationship of Music Education Essay Example for Free

The Relationship of Music Education Essay The growing academic achievement gap observed in academic institutions in the United States has prompted numerous research studies conducted to find ways and means to improve the academic performance of school-aged children in the country. Based on such studies conducted, it has been determined that the incorporation of music education as part of the curriculum used among pre-school, elementary and high school students can help improve the level of academic performance observed in these levels. As such, there are now a number of different websites found over the Internet promoting this method of teaching school-aged children of various levels. However, there are still a number of groups that remain skeptical about its effectiveness. This paper aims to provide information proving that the incorporation of music education to school curricula of different levels result to an improvement of the academic performance of school-aged children. Apart from providing the numerous benefits advocated by different websites supporting this, this paper would look into studies published in academic journals available in Internet databases proving its effectiveness, the claims provided by skeptics that have caused them to conclude that there is no relationship between the use of music education and the improvement of the academic performance of school-aged children would also be presented. Music Education and Academic Performance As previously mentioned, there are a numerous Internet websites now advocating the use of music education as a means to improve the academic performance of school-aged children of different levels. This is because research studies have shown positive and promising results particularly among children with special needs such as those with autism and those that have been considered as children at-risk. In one study, the researcher found that the incorporation of music education in the classroom led to the creation of an environment where children with autism become more successful academically since they determined that students with autism are able to respond more efficiently with the use of music stimuli (Darrow 2009). In another study, it was determined that through the incorporation of music education, members of the faculty and administration have seen that there has been a decline in the number of students dropping out of school as compared to those that did not utilize these programs. In fact, they found that 93% of students dropping out are those that are not included in any music education program (Olson 2008). Internet websites that promote the incorporation of music education as a way to provide school-aged children the ability to develop and enhance various skills which have been considered as essential for the success of school-aged children not just in school but also within the corporate world. Some of these skills include mathematics, creativity and communication skills. It was also determined that through the use of music education as a part of the curriculum of school-aged children allow them to develop traits and personalities that would make them productive members of society. These include developing a sense of self-discipline, less prone to outbursts of rage and anger and substance dependency. These claims presented in these Internet websites are supported by various research studies released by such institutions such as the U. S. Department of Education and the College Board of New York (Children’s Music Workshop 2006; Zhang 2007). While this may be the case, other Internet websites have been found to refute such claims and benefits. One of which is a website that features the study presented to the Australian Association for Research in Education entitled No Evidence for a Mozart Effect in School Aged Children. In this study, the researchers have stipulated that while there have been numerous studies claiming that the use of classical music and other methods of incorporating music education in school curriculum have caused an improvement in the academic performance in some academic institutions, this does not happen each and every single instance. This is due to the fact that other factors such as the cultural of the academic institution and the quality of the teachers facilitating the education of the students play a major role in the overall academic performance of school-aged children (Crncec, Wilson Prior 2002). In another Internet website, it was stated that while music education does help most school-aged children with special needs, this does not encompass all children with special needs. To be specific, children with auditory disorders such as auditory process disorder, or APD, are unable to comprehend sound elements. As a result, the incorporation of music education to the curriculum of school-aged children would only be unbeneficial for these children. In fact, it may even cause these children to exhibit the very issues that Internet websites promoting the use of music education are able to address (Nikolaidou, Iliadou, Kaprinis, Hadjileontiadis Kaprinis 2009). Conclusion The incorporation of music education in school curriculum has, in no doubt, been able to help in the improvement of the academic performance of school-aged children in different levels. The promising results presented by research studies conducted have been found to be consistent when these principles have been applied by various academic institutions, particularly pre-school and elementary schools. As a result, the incorporation of music education has now been endorsed by various local and government organizations involved in the improvement of the overall academic performance of academic institutions in the country. While there are limitations to how much of an improvement may be observed in one academic institution as presented earlier, the consistency observed on the contribution music education to the overall academic performance continuous to make a viable method to be used in schools throughout the country. References Children’s Music Workshop. (2006). Music education online. Retrieved from http://www. childrensmusicworkshop. com/advocacy/benefits. html. Crncec, R. J. , Wilson, S. J. Prior, M. (2002, December). No evidence for a Mozart effect in school aged children. Retrieved from http://www. aare. edu. au/02pap/crn02420. htm. Darrow, A. (2009). Adapting for students with autism. General music today, 22(2), 24-26. doi: 10. 1177/1048371308328384. Nikolaidou, G. N. , Iliadou, V. T. , Kaprinis, S. G. , Hadjileontiadis, L. J. Kaprinis, G. S. (2009). Primary school music education and the effect of auditory processing disorders: pedagogical/ICT-based implications. Retrieved from the IEEE Xplore Web site: http://ieeexplore. ieee. org/Xplore/login.  jsp? url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore. ieee. org %2Fiel5%2F4561602%2F4561603%2F04561902. pdf%3Farnumber%3D4561902a uthDecision=-203. Olson, C. A. (2008). Can music education help at-risk students? Study finds positive testimony substantial but quantitative research lacking. Teaching music, 16(3), 20. Retrieved from ERIC database (10697446, 20081101). Zhang, L. (2007, March). Benefits of music education for your child. Retrieved from http://www. articlesbase. com/education-articles/benefits-of-music-education-for-your- child-124538. html.

History of the Latin Kings

History of the Latin Kings The History of the Latin Kings begins in the 1920s or 1930s, but at this time they were known under a different name. In the beginning of the 20th century a lot of Puerto Rican immigrants came to New York. A lot of groups were formed, such as Noble Knights (who have ties to todays Latin Kings) or Young Lords. The group still has connections to these gangs. The founder of the original Latin Kings is called Papa King or Papa Santos. He started the gang in the 1950s in Chicago. Although he is an important person in the history of Latin Kings you dont know much about him or his life. Even his birthday is unknown. He himself was a Young Lord. Due to oral stories the LK were formed on the Southside of Chicago on the corner of 18th and Wabash. During the 60s they became more and more successful and expended to the north. They grew faster and were the best organized gang these days. The Latin Kings worked with social workers, because they received government benefits from meeting them. Thats why they acted more and more bad to get more and more benefits, such as money, fun activities, etc. Today this system doesnt exist anymore, of course. Some gangs thought the LK were part of the Royal Kings, who had arguments with the so called Ambrose. As a consequence the Latin Kings and Ambrose became enemies. In the 1970 the LKs were often connected with major crimes and organized criminal activities. 1977/78 they were suspected for robbing an armory. The FBI arrested one member, who acknowledged that they had stolen military weapons. It was rumored that they sold them to different allied gangs. In the 1980s the LK convinced also white gangs to join the so called people alliance, formed with Vice Lords and Elrukns. In 1888 Papa King was killed. His followers were Lord Gino (of whom you say that he ordered Papa Kinds death) as the leader of the LKN in prison and Baby king as leader on the streets. Size and Ethnic Origin Since the 1990s theyre also spread in New York City and nowadays you can find them nearly everywhere in the US. The Latin Kings and Queens Nation is primary spread in Illinois, Texas, and Florida and of course in New York and Chicago. Although they have many allies they are still the third largest gang in Chicago and people say that it is the biggest and most influential Latino gang in the world. Experts guess that there are about 50.00 to 80.000 members world wide, but youll never find out the exact number. They often have Puerto Rican background, but during the last 20 years when they broadened to Europe, there became more and more people with also Hispanic, Portuguese or Italian background members. As in many gangs there are more male members than female. Structure and Organization Both, men and women, are allowed to become a member at the Latin Kings and Queens Nation has, as the name already says. They have a strict hierarchy and rules. It has always been important that the members have social responsibilities. Depending on their age they should have or search for a job or go to school. Education in general is quite important to the Nation. Thats why there are so called schoolings. Knowledge workers are people whose jobs focus on working with information and for whom a certain theoretical and analytical knowledge is important. Knowledge is not tied to any country it is portable and represents might, a typical LK ambition. They should also be interested in their ethnic background and family history and free or hard drugs to be able to mainly concentrate on their duties in the nation and not to drag down the other members. There are three stages of social responsibilities a member goes threw when he decides to be a Latin King: Primitive Stage: the King warrior acts very impulsive. Most of his time he does gang banging (engaging gang activities) or getting high. The Conservative or Mummy Stage: The member doesnt want to be on the streets and gets tired of being seen as big and bad. He gets married and retires. The New King Stage: The member sees himself as a new King, which means that he starts to recognize that the time of revolution is in his hand. When he becomes a new King the will of the Nation becomes his will. Everything starts to have a meaning to him and he only lives for the nation. They are well structured and known for their hierarchy. The leadership consists for example out of: Supreme Crown Authorities Executive Crown Authorities and Local Presidents in their respective prisons and communities. They are responsible for a particular area. Furthermore there are officers or leaders, the so called Incas that are each supported by a Crown Council of seven members. The gangs head is the so called Corona which means Crown. He is able to decide nearly everything, but is, of course, also responsible for every activity outside prison. At that time Gino Gustavo Colon is the leader of the Latin Kings. Rules Because of their strict hierarchy they need, as mentioned before, strict rules. There are ones for every part of their live. They are written in their bible, which is called the Kings Manifesto. For example they have rules how to communicate with other gang members.. A few official rules are: A brother never crosses his left over his right arm, he never covers his right hand, because it represents his crown. No member should take the law into his own hand, he isnt allowed to exploit any person inside or outside the nation, when a member gives another member a salute it always has to be returned. That rules are often highly ritualistic. Due to that the Latin Kings are very religious. They believe in Kingism, which includes their whole system. But they also believe in Yahweh, god, the almighty father, King of all Kings. He is also called the El of the Universe. A non religious LK youll find very rarely. The Nation says that also their name is an acronym and shows their devotion to Yahweh. Almighty stands for: A love measured in great harmony toward Yahweh In their Manifesto there are not only rules and regulations, but also prayers. There are 2 prayers in the beginning; one is called the holy prayer. They believe that Yahweh is the founder of the universe, of the Manifesto and the Kingism. This belief should give them faith in themselves. The Latin Kings say that theres a heaven and a soul that will meet Yahweh after death. In fact it has a great similarity to the Christian and Jewish believe. What Kingism exactly is does only a member of the Latin Kings and Queens Nation know. They have certain Kings, but if they are holy, imaginary persons or real historic figures, isnt clear. Punishments When a member does not stick to that rules he gets punished by his colleagues. Besides physical punishment it includes social exclusion and group harming. Their application varies in intensity and frequency whether its a Chicago or New Yorker Leader. They have a few different rules and their execution also depends on the leader. A non-physical punishment can be prohibition, which varies between 2 weeks and 2 month. Others can be fines, being isolated and so on and so forth. But, as everything in their lives, they also have strict rules for physical punishments. There are: three-minute physicals, as the name already explains three members punish for three minutes five-point violations, which means that there are 5 members of the leadership that punish the victim (they stand for the 5 points of the crown) or even T.O.S. It stands for Terminate on Sight and is a death penalty. The reasons for this last brutal action are treason, challenging a leadership or sadly just homosexuality. Symbols and Rituals As every gang they have specific colors you find on all their logos and tattoos. In this case they are black and yellow. The dark color represents death and stands in opposite to the light one, which represents life. They arent only included in their symbols, but also on their cloth. Their emblem is always five pointed, e.g. a star, a crown (sometimes worn by a lion) or anything else that shows this number. Their most recent emblem is the bulldog with a crown. You can say that the number five is holy to them, because they often use it in their philosophy. The LKs are known for their drawings and graffiti paintings. They use symbols such as A.L.K.Q.N (Almighty Latin King Queen Nation), A.L.K.Q.C.N (Charter Nation), A.D.R (Amor Deu Rei Love the Kings), guns, Coat of arms, money or cars. They sign places with graffiti where a gang member has fallen. On the graffiti the deceased persons ID-Number is shown, his/her name and the date of the death. If another gang is responsible for his/her death an upside down symbol of this gang is painted with the words Lollypop as a putdown for that gang. A very important thing for them is to learn to control their tongue. They believe that speaking of the control of the tongue is addressing the whole body. Thats what they want to learn. For that reason its not easy for the police to uncover their criminal activities they are faithful to their colleagues. Newspapers talk about special rituals to train themselves. Criminal Activities The LKs are known for not just using but also selling weapons. High ranking members often wear bullet proof vests, because of their enemies. Every member owns a weapon and they do not always carry them with them when they are on post. Its very hard to get information from them, because they are that faithful to their group. However, their primary source of income is dealing with drugs, such as cocaine, heroin and marijuana. The internet is full of stories about Latin Kings and their criminal activities including burglary, homicide, identity theft and money laundering. Reportedly also the police are corrupted. In 2011 two policemen had arrested drug dealers for fake, took their drugs and gave their proceeds to the Latin Kings. Statistics of the Chicago Police say that they find about 150 kilograms cocaine and 1000 kilogram marijuana a year in the Latin Kings region. Their Rival Gangs are the Latin Locos, Folk Nation gangs and the Solidos. Latin Queens Originally there were no female members allowed. Nowadays women get an equal share. They constituted, in addition to the male Kings, a few Queens. They join the gang for self-respect, independence, family support, ethnic identity and self-empowerment. Still they fill in female stereotypical roles and stay at home, mainly running the household, while the male members are fighting on the streets or dealing with drugs. They have a home life of protection. Reason for Becoming a Gang Member As Ive mentioned before a lot of women became members to feel safer. But still the Latin Kings and Queens Nation has more male members. They have a lot of influence in the world and the black market. That would be the main reason why people become members. In New York or Chicago they are common and young people are attracted by their philosophy and might. They often come from broken families and want to find a new one. Besides this its youll have no choice weather you want to be a LK or not when your parents already join them. On the other hand these kids grew up with the ideology of Kingism. They do not know anything else. Thats why the Latin Kings grow that fast. Due to this life in poverty seems to be a lot easier when you can relate on your gang and know that theyll support you even in prison. And of course you always have access to drugs and weapons, what favors young people the most. My Opinion When I started searching for information about the Almighty Latin Kings and Queens Nation I thought they where just one out of thousand Latin American gangs. But when I researched more I found their philosophy really fascinating. Kingism is not a religion I would personally agree with but I found it strange that so many people follow that few leaders and that there is such a strict hierarchy although everybodys talking about freedom. I wasnt surprised about their criminal activities and the stories about street wars or corrupt policemen do not really shock me. I expected that. Another think that was interesting is that although the LKs are so popular and even have their leaders in prison it is very hard to find out information about them. I had to concentrate on facts, but most of the sources are influenced by the gang itself, which forced me to read even more about them to stay subjective. A Latin Kings Poem NOT A DAY GOES BY THAT WE DONT REPRESENT THROWING UP THE CROWN WITH ALL OUR LOVE SHOUTING AMOR DE REY TILL WE DIE TO THE ALMIGHTY FATHER UP ABOVE BUSTING OUT IN OUR HOODS KEEPING THE LOVE ALIVE NEVER LETTING FLAKES DISRESPECT OUR EMBLEMS THAT WE MADE WITH SO MUCH PRIDE BUT AS ALL OF THIS IS HAPPENING WE ARE GETTING STRONGER AND STRONGER EACH DAY WATCHING SHORTIES JOIN AND OLDER BOYS RETIRE THEIR FLAG BUT AS ONE KING DROP HIS FLAG THERE IS A SHORTY TO PICK IT UP AS THE OLDER BOYS PASS THAT FLAG FROM AN OLD HAND TO A NEW ONE HE WILL GIVE HIM SOME WISE ADVISE KEEP THIS FLAG IN YOUR HEART AND NEVER LET IT DIE RESPECT AND HONOR THIS CROWN FOR IT I ONCE DID DIE FOR THIS CROWN AS OTHER KINGS /QUEENS DID EVER TAKE A BRO OR SIS NAME THAT DIED WITH RESPECT NOT UNLESS YOURE WILLING TO DIE LIKE HE / SHE DID LIKE A TRUE KING / QUEEN DIES IN THE BATTLE FIELD REMEMBER THOSE WHO DIED, GO TO THEIR GRAVE AND SHED NO TEARS BRING THEM SOME BIG ASS FLOWERS, TELL THEM THAT THEY DIDNT DIED IN VAIN!!!! DEDICATED TO THOSE WHO DIED AND THOSE WHO PASSED THE CROWN FROM AND TO HAND AND THOSE WHO STILL KEEP THE LOVE ALIVE Sources: http://www.chicagogangs.org/index.php?pr=LATIN_KINGS http://www.uic.edu/orgs/kbc/latinkings/latindex.html http://www.segag.org/ganginfo/frlkings.html http://books.google.at/books?id=rXeTZvvoJRQCpg=PA72lpg=PA72dq=latin+kings+Primitive+Stagesource=blots=t9YRCIsgAEsig=wB5LugquOM3UMuxflu0f-yaN9D0hl=enei=qr_FS7XlFKTuNLfItcQOsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=latin%20kings%20Primitive%20Stagef=false http://www.gangwar.com/items/items42.htm http://www.docstoc.com/docs/8387967/Chicago-Latin-Kings http://www.nwitimes.com/news/local/illinois/chicago/chicago-cops-accused-of-working-for-latin-kings-held-without/article_635f3dcd-f84c-5f0e-9695-757167d2c6eb.html

John Rawls and Political Liberalism Essay -- Essays on Politics

John Rawls and Political Liberalism Describe in detail the role that the ideas of â€Å"overlapping consensus† and â€Å"comprehensive doctrine† play in Rawl’s theoretical answer to the fundamental question of Political Liberalism: â€Å"How is it possible for there to exist over time a just and stable society of free and equal citizens, who remain profoundly divided by reasonable religious, philosophical, and moral doctrines?† (Rawls 4). More specifically, how do these concepts help to preserve the traditional liberal values of freedom and equality? And do these concepts help to preserve stability within a pluralistic society? John Rawls book, Political Liberalism, addresses the need for the reformation of the unjust democratic constitutional regime. According to Rawls, â€Å"there is at present no agreement on the way the basic institutions of constitutional democracy should be arranged if they are to satisfy the fair terms of cooperation between citizens regarded as free and equal,† (Rawls 4). In the real world, individuals all follow their own political values or â€Å"comprehensive doctrines† that are not in equilibrium with other values. These principles, not being compatible, cause problems in a weak democratic society. Thus, Rawls hopes to create a model for disagreements that could arise within liberalism, in which they could have stronger sense of common ground, or stronger overlapping consensus, which people can make reference. Therefore, Rawls calls for the use of certain theoretical intellectual tools. The first order intellectual tool to guide this reform is the principles of justice. Strong principles of justices will lead to a large â€Å"overlapping consensus† and better political values, thus resulting ... ...because that which exists in the original position is fair. Moreover, there is a successful reform, in that a principle of justice (which is a tool of bringing about reform in an unjust democratic constitutional regime) survived the test of the original position. Thus, the ideas of â€Å"overlapping consensus† and â€Å"comprehensive doctrines† do in fact play a significant role in his theoretical question: â€Å"How is it possible for there to exist over time a just and stable society of free and equal citizens, who remain profoundly divided by reasonable religious, philosophical, and moral doctrines?† (Rawls 4). Moreover, these concepts help to preserve the traditional liberal values of freedom and equality help to preserve stability within a pluralistic society. Works Cited Rawls, John. Political Liberalism. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996.

Troops should NOT be Withdrawn from Iraq :: War Military

Iraq is not stable enough to risk the United States withdrawing their troops, security is too weak and it will show in the near future. It is evident that Iraq cannot hold a steady government that can support the people and maintain a state of armistice throughout these hard times that the country is going through. This statement is clear seeing that there have been about one hundred and sixty three insurgent attacks daily since May of 2007. The United States is currently controlling the country due to Iraq housing terrorist groups that withhold weapons of mass destruction. Like Al Qaeda for example, their leader, Osama Bin Laden has been on the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s â€Å"Most Wanted† list since the year of 2003. Ever since March 19th of 2003 many people have died because of this evil, ruthless man. That is why the United States Defense Department has kept our troops stable in Iraq to prevent some outrageous outbreak of violence. David Patraeus is a General in the United States Army and has written several reports on the war in Iraq and the progress the United States has made. He states that are still enormous difficulties that Iraq has to deal with. A lot of that may come from the many terror groups that inhabit the country. General Patraeus also says, â€Å"the addition of troops will enable the growth of Iraqi security†. (Patraeus 12) He, and many of the other brave men serving in the military completely understand that they have made substantial progress but know for a fact that the situation is still fragile and very reversible. Why would we pull our troops out of something that could be reversed? Would that not be a waste of taxpayer time and money? The General was actually asked why the troops are still in the country, he replied that the only way to secure the population of Iraq is by living with them. The last thing he noted is that he noticed that as force levels grew, the security s ituation improved. The better the security, the more likeliness that the soldiers can come home sooner. Troops should NOT be Withdrawn from Iraq :: War Military Iraq is not stable enough to risk the United States withdrawing their troops, security is too weak and it will show in the near future. It is evident that Iraq cannot hold a steady government that can support the people and maintain a state of armistice throughout these hard times that the country is going through. This statement is clear seeing that there have been about one hundred and sixty three insurgent attacks daily since May of 2007. The United States is currently controlling the country due to Iraq housing terrorist groups that withhold weapons of mass destruction. Like Al Qaeda for example, their leader, Osama Bin Laden has been on the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s â€Å"Most Wanted† list since the year of 2003. Ever since March 19th of 2003 many people have died because of this evil, ruthless man. That is why the United States Defense Department has kept our troops stable in Iraq to prevent some outrageous outbreak of violence. David Patraeus is a General in the United States Army and has written several reports on the war in Iraq and the progress the United States has made. He states that are still enormous difficulties that Iraq has to deal with. A lot of that may come from the many terror groups that inhabit the country. General Patraeus also says, â€Å"the addition of troops will enable the growth of Iraqi security†. (Patraeus 12) He, and many of the other brave men serving in the military completely understand that they have made substantial progress but know for a fact that the situation is still fragile and very reversible. Why would we pull our troops out of something that could be reversed? Would that not be a waste of taxpayer time and money? The General was actually asked why the troops are still in the country, he replied that the only way to secure the population of Iraq is by living with them. The last thing he noted is that he noticed that as force levels grew, the security s ituation improved. The better the security, the more likeliness that the soldiers can come home sooner.

Albert Einstein Essay -- physics science mathematics

Albert Einstein One of the greatest heroes of American(and international) science and culture in the past century has been German physicist Albert Einstein. Born in 1879, Einstein used his early years to educate himself and began to think up his own methods for solving his newly found inquiries into science and higher-level mathematics. In a short time during the beginning of the twentieth century, Einstein pulled together his research and incredible intellect for unprecedented gains in science and theory used throughout the world. One need not go far to view the incredible impact that innovative genius Albert Einstein has had upon the twentieth century. His impact stretches far beyond the reaches of physics and life in the early 1900's. This physicist of phenomenal philosophy, logic, and imagination has been and still is the subject of countless catch phrases and expressions of intelligence. Albert Einstein is a forerunner of influential American icons. Because of his contribution to American scie nce and society as an immigrant, intellectual accomplishments, and discoveries in nuclear technology, it is my belief that Albert Einstein was the most influential person of the twentieth century. First of all, Albert Einstein was the most important figure of the twentieth century because of his contribution to American science and society as an immigrant. This is foremost important because of the U.S.'s status as the premier nation of the world. Albert Einstein has had one of the greatest ever influences upon the American way of life. He is responsible for many of the most famous scientific and philosophical standards used in America today. He was born in Germany in 1879, but Albert did not come to America until 1933, when he feared for his life and fled from Nazi Germany. It was at this time that he was at his greatest fame.(PBS 1) He then began his work for the United States. His discoveries have impacted all facets of American culture. The sophisticated Special Theory of Relativity in physics that he created models the behavior of the entire universe. As stated on Nova, General Relativity has spawned the most important results in modern astronomy.(Levenson 4) Perhaps his largest contribution to America, Albert Einstein played a role in preserving American power. Einstein provided the biggest contribution to American science, setting most precedents fo... ...ks Cited Clark, Ronald W. Einstein: The Life and Times. New York: Avon, 1984. Einstein, Albert. Relativity: The Special and General Theory. Tran. by Robert W. Lawson. 15th ed. New York: Bonanza-Crown, 1961. Einstein, Albert. The World as I See It. Translated by Alan Harris. Carol Publishing Group Edition. New York: Carol, 1995. Elert, Glenn. "Albert Einstein's letters to President Franklin Delano Roosevelt." 1997. Online. Internet. Available (15 Nov. 2009). "Knowledge/Imagination/Creativity." Words of Wisdom from Albert Einstein . Online. Internet. Available (2 Nov. 2009). Levenson, Thomas. "Genius Among Geniuses." Einstein Revealed. 1996. Online. Internet. Available (3 Nov. 2009). PBS (Nova). "Timeline." Einstein Revealed. 1996. Online. Internet. Available (3 Nov. 2009). "War/A-Bomb." Words of Wisdom from Albert Einstein. Online. Internet. Available (2 Nov. 2009). Albert Einstein Essay -- physics science mathematics Albert Einstein One of the greatest heroes of American(and international) science and culture in the past century has been German physicist Albert Einstein. Born in 1879, Einstein used his early years to educate himself and began to think up his own methods for solving his newly found inquiries into science and higher-level mathematics. In a short time during the beginning of the twentieth century, Einstein pulled together his research and incredible intellect for unprecedented gains in science and theory used throughout the world. One need not go far to view the incredible impact that innovative genius Albert Einstein has had upon the twentieth century. His impact stretches far beyond the reaches of physics and life in the early 1900's. This physicist of phenomenal philosophy, logic, and imagination has been and still is the subject of countless catch phrases and expressions of intelligence. Albert Einstein is a forerunner of influential American icons. Because of his contribution to American scie nce and society as an immigrant, intellectual accomplishments, and discoveries in nuclear technology, it is my belief that Albert Einstein was the most influential person of the twentieth century. First of all, Albert Einstein was the most important figure of the twentieth century because of his contribution to American science and society as an immigrant. This is foremost important because of the U.S.'s status as the premier nation of the world. Albert Einstein has had one of the greatest ever influences upon the American way of life. He is responsible for many of the most famous scientific and philosophical standards used in America today. He was born in Germany in 1879, but Albert did not come to America until 1933, when he feared for his life and fled from Nazi Germany. It was at this time that he was at his greatest fame.(PBS 1) He then began his work for the United States. His discoveries have impacted all facets of American culture. The sophisticated Special Theory of Relativity in physics that he created models the behavior of the entire universe. As stated on Nova, General Relativity has spawned the most important results in modern astronomy.(Levenson 4) Perhaps his largest contribution to America, Albert Einstein played a role in preserving American power. Einstein provided the biggest contribution to American science, setting most precedents fo... ...ks Cited Clark, Ronald W. Einstein: The Life and Times. New York: Avon, 1984. Einstein, Albert. Relativity: The Special and General Theory. Tran. by Robert W. Lawson. 15th ed. New York: Bonanza-Crown, 1961. Einstein, Albert. The World as I See It. Translated by Alan Harris. Carol Publishing Group Edition. New York: Carol, 1995. Elert, Glenn. "Albert Einstein's letters to President Franklin Delano Roosevelt." 1997. Online. Internet. Available (15 Nov. 2009). "Knowledge/Imagination/Creativity." Words of Wisdom from Albert Einstein . Online. Internet. Available (2 Nov. 2009). Levenson, Thomas. "Genius Among Geniuses." Einstein Revealed. 1996. Online. Internet. Available (3 Nov. 2009). PBS (Nova). "Timeline." Einstein Revealed. 1996. Online. Internet. Available (3 Nov. 2009). "War/A-Bomb." Words of Wisdom from Albert Einstein. Online. Internet. Available (2 Nov. 2009).

Stuart Hall’s Cultural Identity and Diaspora

Ouahani Nasr-edine A Paper about Stuart Hall’s article: Cultural Identity and Diaspora Stuart hall talks about the crucial role of the â€Å"Third Cinemas† in promoting the Afro-Caribbean cultural identities, the Diaspora hybridity and difference. Hall argues that the role of the â€Å"Third Cinemas† is not simply to reflect what is already there; rather, their crucial role is to produce representations which constantly constitute the third world’s peoples as new subjects against their representations in the Western dominant regimes. Their vocation is to allow us to see and recognize the different parts and histories of ourselves. They should provide us with new positions from which to speak about ourselves. Stuart Hall provides an analysis of cultural identities and what they stand for, their workings and underlying complexities and practices. Hall argues that cultural identities are never fixed or complete in any sense. They are not accomplished, already-there entities which are represented or projected through the new cultural practices. Rather, they are productions which cannot exist outside the work of representation. They are problematic, highly contested sites and processes. Identities are social and cultural formations and constructions essentially subject to the differences of time and place. Then, when we speak of anything, as subjects, we are essentially positioned in time and space and more importantly in a certain culture. These subject positions are what Hall calls â€Å"the positions of enunciation† (222). Hall talks about cultural identity from two different, but related, perspectives. First, he discusses cultural identity as a unifying element or as the shared cultural practices that hold a certain group of people together and second, he argues that as well as there are similarities, there are also differences within cultural identities. In the following paragraphs, we will discuss these two sides of cultural identities. In the first sense, cultural identity is held to be the historical cultural practices that held to be common among a group of people; it is what differentiates them from other groups and held them as of one origin, one common destiny. In this sense, cultural identity refers to those cultural codes which are held to be unchangeable, fixed true practices. This underlying â€Å"oneness† or â€Å"one true self† is the essence, Hall argues, of â€Å"Carribeaness†, of the black Diaspora. It is this identity which should be discovered by the black Diaspora and subsequently, should be excavated and projected through the representations of the â€Å"Third Cinemas†. Here we would add that this collective identity is not only to be represented by the â€Å"Third Cinemas† but also by The Third Literature and through The Third Academia. It is this sense of cultural identity which plays a critical role in eliciting a lot of postcolonial struggles. The act of discovering such identity is at the same time an act of re-shaping and rehabilitating, of re-claiming â€Å"the true self†. It is an act which goes beyond â€Å"the misery of today† to recover and reconstruct what colonization have distorted. Imaginative rediscovery plays a crucial role in restoring such identity. The emergence of counter discourses (like feminist discourse, anti-racist discourse, anti-colonial discourse and so on) which tries to highlight and bring to the forth the â€Å"hidden histories† are an outcome of the creative force of such sense of cultural identity. Hall gives the example of Armet Francis photographs about the peoples from the â€Å"Black Triangle† which is considered as a visual attempt, an act of imaginary reunification of blacks which have been dispersed and fragmented across the African Diaspora. Another universal unifying element of blacks is the Jazz music. It is an attempt to restore the black agent to his home â€Å"Africa†, to relocate him, symbolically, within his true essence: â€Å"Africanness†. Such counter discourses are resources of resistance which problematizes the Western regimes of scholarly and cinematic representations of blacks. The second side of cultural identity is related to the discontinuities and differences, to the historical ruptures within cultural identities. Cultural identity is not just a matter of the past, a past which have to be restored, but it is also a matter of the future. It is a â€Å"matter of ‘becoming’ as well as of ‘being’† (225). In this sense cultural identities no longer signify an accomplished set of practices which is already there; they are subject to the â€Å"play† of history, power and culture. They are in constant transformation. Hall argues that it is this second sense of cultural identities which enable as to come to terms with â€Å"the traumatic character of the ‘colonial experience’. The Western representations of the black experiences and peoples are representations of the ‘play’ of power and knowledge. Western categories of knowledge not only position us as ‘Other’ to the West but also makes as â€Å"experience ourselves as Others† (225). This colonial experience puts as in a dangerous position: it makes us ambivalent in our life, our needs, and our thought. This colonial experience had produced uprooted subjects, split between two words in an unidentified space. This rootlessness, this lack of cultural identity which the colonial experience produces leads us to question the nature of cultural identity itself. In this sense it is never a fixed, shared entity. It is not one and for all† (226). It is not something which happens in the past but it is a process. What we told ourselves about our past is always constructed through â€Å"memory, fantasy, narrative and myth†. Cultural identities are not essences but are ‘positionings’; they are constructed sites from which we speak about ourselves. Hall states that black Caribbean identities are shaped through two operative vectors: the vector of the continuity which is related to the past heritage and the vector the discontinuity which is the result of slavery, transportation and migration. In this sense, it is the Western world that unifies the blacks as much as it cuts them, at the same time, from direct access to their past. This colonial effect on the Caribbean positions the different regions of the Caribbean archipelago as both the same and different simultaneously. In relation to the West, we are positioned in the periphery, one space, one fate and one destiny; but in relation to each other, we have different cultural identities. These variations within cultural identities cannot be simply cinematically presented in simple binary oppositions as â€Å"past/present† or â€Å"them/us†. Drawing on the concept of â€Å"differance† which the French philosopher Jacque Derrida had developed, Hall explains that cultural identities which, generally, we think of as eternal and unified are instead, merely a temporary stabilization and arbitrary closure of meaning historically and culturally specific. Cultural identities are subject to the infinite nature of the semiosis of meanings and the endless supplementarity within those meanings. The complexities of the Caribbean cultural identities can be partly understood if we relate it to the three ‘presences’ over the islands: â€Å"the presence Africaine†, â€Å"the presence Europeenne† and the â€Å"presence Americain†, the terra incognita. The presence Africaine is the space of the repressed. It is inscribed in every aspect of the Caribbean everyday life and it is the secret, hidden code by which Western texts are re-read. This is the live Africa from which â€Å"the Third Cinemas† and other representations should derive their materials. The discontinuity and ruptures which are caused by slavery and transformation makes us aware of our â€Å"blackness†. It causes as to return back to our past to discover our real essence which unites us despite our differences. This process returning back enables the emergence of a ‘new Africa’ grounded on and necessarily connected to the symbolic ‘old Africa’. Our journey to the old Africa is an imaginative journey, a symbolic journey to the far past to make something of the present day Africa. The presence Europeenne, on the other hand, has positioned us in the rims of the centre and inscribes in us a sense of ambivalence manifested in our attitudes of and identification with the West, going backward and forward from moments of refusal to moments of recognition. Finally, the Americain or the â€Å"New World presence† constitutes the battleground where different cultures from different parts of the world grapples and collide with each other, what Mary Louse Pratt calls a â€Å"contact zone†. It is the ‘empty’ space, the third space or the space of no one. It is the place where the processes of creolizations, transformations, assimilations, syncretisms and displacements occur: It stands for the endless ways in which Caribbean people have been destined to ‘migrate'; it is the signifier of migration itself- of travelling, voyaging and return as fate, as destiny; of the Antillean as the prototype of the modern or postmodern New World nomad, continually moving between centre and periphery. 234) In this sense, the â€Å"New World presence†, the terra incognita, constitutes the very beginning of the Diaspora of the black presence, of diversity, hybridity, and difference. It is an open symbolic space which is constantly producing and re-producing, a space of heterogeneity of constant newness and uniqueness. The rich past of sameness and difference, of shared spiritual and cultural habits on the one hand and of memories of ruptures and discontinuities_ slavery, migration, transformation†¦_ on the other hand constitute â€Å"the reservoir of our cinematic [and other] narratives†. It is the real black Diaspora. Reference:Rutherford, Jonathan. Identity, Community, Culture and Difference. Ed. London: Lawrence & Wishart Limited, 1990.[ 1 ].All the quotations stated in this work are taken from Stuart Hall’s article ‘Cultural Identity and Diaspora’ in Jonathan, Rutherford. Identity, Community, Culture and Difference. Ed. London: Lawrence & Wishart Limited, 1990. PP 222–237

Psych Assignment

As an international pupil at JIM from Kuwait, I get a push-down stack of follow-up questions and surprised looks when asked where Im from. oer time, I nurse received a wide-range of questions but I am approximately constantly asked round my experience Of victuals in an Arab country. This past weekend, someone tongue-in-cheek asked me if my dad owned oil mines and camels in Kuwait, which got me thinking, is this be causation of the various stereotypes associated with the Arab community in the States? Since ASSAI is an Indian association, it is obvious that membership is limited to those who argon Indian.However, a distinct romp of the association is that umteen an(prenominal) Indians on amps rely that ASSAI is a separate clique, and you keep hardly be a circumstances of it if you discombobulate friends in the association already. A uncomparable type of thronging is at chat up here just macrocosm Indian is not sufficient to be a part of an Indian cultural organiza tion. somewhat affectionate psychology concepts that are relevant to this phenomenon include self-censorship, which is the tendency to withhold education or opinions in- throng talk ofions.Evaluation apprehension, define as bulks doctor about how they mightiness appear in the eyes of others or, in other words, about being evaluated can be apply here as good. Identification is the perceived loss of individuality and personal responsibleness that can occur when someone participates as part of a group. It can have both positive as well as negative effects, for instance, cause a person to be more depending to donate a large confuse sense of money to charity, but also cause them to be more likely to pick out in mob violence. Group tat is the strength of the liking and commitment group members have toward each other and to the group.The social psychology concept of stereotypes generalizations about groups of sight in which certain traits re delegate to virtu totallyy a ll members of the groups, regardless of literal variation among the members, is illustrated in the second phenomenon. In fact, a report titled deoxycytidine monophosphate Years of Anti-Arab and Anti-Muslim stereotyping specifies the three B syndrome (Bombers, abdominal cavity dancers or billionaires) in the Arab community, in display case to Arab men being portrayed as terrorists or as wealthy oilmen and Arab women being portrayed as sex objects.Racism, defined as an individuals prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory demeanour toward people of a given race, is a feature of this phenomenon. Stereotype threat, which means being at risk of confirming, as self-characteristic, a negative stereotype about ones group, is a social psychological concept utilize here too. Victims of stereotyping can suffer from ascription ambiguity, not knowing whether performance feedback is certain or base on their group membership.One of my friends on display board of ASSAI told me about how th eir board meetings worked everyone seemed to agree to whatever the President had to tell apart and this was very strange to her, since ideally they should discuss issues from every possible point view, earlier Han a skewed, one-dimensional view in which people withhold their opinions. This sounded a lot like self-censorship to me. Evaluation apprehension is also relevant since choosing to be a part of it, or not, is almost completely based on how others will view you- whether you extremity to be a part of the clique of people that is ASSAI, or not.Most social organizations have many traits that make them conducive to identification. In the case of ASSAI, identification may not seem as extreme as fraternities or sororities in which members wear clothing label with their letters, but strong fag towards group cohesiveness does exist. In fact, many Indians on campus actually believe that ASSAI is a cult, a group of people that is always seen together, no matter what. Following the phratry 1 1, 2001 attacks in the United States, disparity and reclaimed violence has markedly increase against Arab Americans.This is also reflected in common stereotypes that Arabs are barbaric, oil-rich sheikhs or more extreme ones believe that all Arabs are terrorists/villains. In unaccented of these, some Arabs suffer from stereotype threat, and consequently they might hide their wealth or tatty because they are afraid of affirming a stereotype that exists about their group that all Arabs are rich and Arab women are beautiful, and strike is all they care about.Such actions might make them feel ashamed of something they should actually be proud of. Attribution ambiguity can lead Arabs to feel uncertainty about whether negative outcomes are due to discrepancy against them or their own behavior. In comparison, they might discredit positive feedback as a form of sympathy rather than perceive it as the result of their ability and achievement.

Thin Film Solar Cell

Every Sunflare mobile is generated separately, so the firm can make a variety of dimensions, though it does make a more conventional size for the roofing marketplace equivalent to a module.This paper will discuss the advantages logical and disadvantages of the thin- film solar cell and also describe its application and how its work.Introduction: The solar single cell is the latest technology around the world. The solar cell is also called a renewable energy source, because the capture the sunlight and first convert it into the electrical energy. There are different types of solar cells, but the most important one is a thin- film solar cell.Clearly, the late little cell in a calculator isnt big and bulky.Solar cells are made out of semiconducting material, usually silicon. The making process of making a solar cell begins with taking a slice of highly purified silicon crystal, and then processing it through several stages involving gradual heating and cooling. Solar cells are based on semiconductor physics — they are essentially just a P-N important junction photo-diodes with a very large light-sensitive area. Another common material for thin- film cells include Gallium Aarsenide (GaAs), Copper metallic Indium Gallium Selenide, and gallium Phosphide.

They are the most essential quality of a panel.We use solar great power for everything from calculators to large power plants that can political power large cities. The most common applications for solar panels are used for small evices. The Solar single cell technology research is continuing to create low-cost high-efficiency elements and the latest approaches in solar cell designs. Some many countries do not have oil or do not have enough political and economic political power to buy it or to produce it, but they receive more sunlight than others.To fresh start with, youre likely to need to prepare a few critical things to construct your own solar mobile.4%.The german Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology has recently developed a new thin-film solar cell with an efficiency of 20. 4%. Those cells are based on CIGS (copper indium gallium (DI) selenide) semiconductor material.

Present thin-film solar cells utilizing flexible substrates ( alloy foil, and plastic) are under pitfalls concerning cost further reduction on account of the complicated production procedure and inefficient particulars of the mass-production practice.There are four different types of thin-film solar cell. 1. Amorphous silicon (a-Si) 2. metallic Cadmium telluride (CdTe) 3.It is truly.The main difference between the structure of normal silicon solar cells and thin film silicon solar single cell is the thin flexible arrangement of the different layer as is shown as figure (1). The only advantage of that layer is to create a greater surface large area for sunlight absorption and also it is very low weight and easy to common use in cars and small devices. Figure (1) We use calculator everyday in our log normal daily routine.These solar powered calculators have a small solar cell at the top corner of the calculator.

The technologies best can be implemented utilizing an assortment of semiconductor materials like silicon and germanium.Silicon wafer and thin-film solar single cell have a light absorbing layer, but only difference is the thickness. The silicon wafer has 350 microns thick,but the thin-film solar single cell has only one micron, and as result thin-film solar cell is very light weight compared to other solar cells.Thin-film solar red cells are made of several layers. Those all layer helps to absorb light.Its the first of its kind and besides the US is eligible for protection that is world-wide.The figure (a) shows the basic theory of the different layer stack of the thin-film solar cell.Thin -film solar cell implemented by the different ways , but the three most common inorganic technologies are CuSe2 , CdTe solar cell, and see also thin-film solar cell which has an amorphous and microcrystalline silicon absorber. There are three major different types of thin-film solar cell. 1.

Each of the thin-film technologies also give the prospect of ubiquity.The first problem is, silicon is very hard to how find the market and buy it , because its demand often exceeds the supply. The second thing is, this new type of solar cell has very low efficiency. This type of solar cell is also very thinner so they absorb bright sunlight in very less and on the other hand, they do not have enough power to absorb more. Therefore, they used in calculator and other very small and low power consuming devices.Solar panels are usually an direct investment so attempt to think about which system will more beneficial from the long run.More flexible and very easy to handle it.4. Less thinner than crystalline solar cell. It can be as thin .

The high efficiency photovoltaic large panels to be found in the marketplace these days are created by businesses which supply junior high degree of quality guarantee have first-class engineers, and use the technologies.Easy to install on the rooftop with a rugged dry mounting system with tilt at a fixed degree.6. Thin film solar cells have better performance in the hot weather. See table (1) below.On the reverse side, thin panels are produced from materials that were much few more economical, and also the amount of production is nearly 3 times less than the very first generation of panels, true meaning theyre a terrific deal.Table (2) Condition| Crystalline Efficiency Drop| Light San Francisco fog| 8%-15%| Heavy San Francisco fog| 15%-20%| Cloudy & raining| 20% – 50%| Heavy cloudy & raining| 50% – 90%| 2. They have complex structure. 3. Different version requires its own unique installation skills.

Our Iceberg Is Melting

pic CSC2114 E-Commerce speculation and Applications unmarried assigning Questions correspond and production line tralatitious markets with digital markets. keep a piece. (Work on the base you atomic number 18 appoint with and clarify on it. lay aside a enunciate of the topic, which embarrasss the pursuit 1. fortitude (Define conventional markets, deposit digital markets) 2. heart (When is it utilize, why is it exercisingd, how is it used and etcetera ) 3. Advantages and Disadvantages (for from each one oddb wholly of market) 4. expiration You whitethorn include inevitable sections which you harbour useful. * solicitude References should be cited puritanically. punishment for ripe submission o 1 daylight modern deduction 20% o 2 long time upstart damaging 50% o 3 days ripe electronegative degree centigrade% academic artifice forget not be tolerated bank line Your report should be between 5 6 pages long. office Arial slip surface 12, with 2. 0 spacing. bring out walker as your prepare and ID none You are necessary to pose a hard sham of this report. micturate the coversheet (with proper signature) and score turning away upon submitting. pic grant expand pageboy exposit to be sinless by bookman teeming chance upon designation disciples ID 1 course of legal action regulation due(p) realise hebdomad 8(Monday) CSC 2114 department / sort academic term Jan 2013 school-age child contract bridge I hold that ? I generalize what is meant by buc rout outeering ? This engagement is all my sue and I defy acknowledge both use of the publishing house or unpublished full treatment of other(a) people. ? I hold a copy of this appellation, which I can conjure if the fender is disoriented or disgraced Signature___________________ FOR inspectorS theatrical role save inspectors scuttlebutt deeply submission credit given proof closing labe l YES NO YES NO referee has, and whitethorn exercise, the sort out not TO betray this assignment if the to a higher place result has non BEEN write and if the above announcement is prepare TO BE FALSE, hold action depart be taken which would draw to slide fastener mark universe awarded for this assignment. pic denomination grading abstract CSC2114 E-Commerce possibility and Applications NO interpretation attain dependable mark 1. insane asylum / 20 2. satisfy / 40 3. Advantages & Disadvantages / 20 4. final result / 20 bring gradation / speed of light energy of Science, Technology, design and math expertness of Science, Technology, engineer and math

Fast Fashion

universe The garments manufacture, as whizz of the intimately world- grievousizes industries in the solid ground (Fibonacci et al 1994), is lilliputianly undergoing a restructuring, speci twain(prenominal)y the luxuriant modal revalue sector. fake merchandises atomic number 18 cor re light upent with card-playing slants and light carre cardinal action rhythms. Therefore, changes in consumer fill for naked as a jaybirdness and forge crook imbibe the egress of refrain coerce emergeline in retailers uniform Ezra and HM and shifts in the digest of competitiony payoff from terms towards prompt reply.That is to say, vesture firms, which argon requesting spheric or inshore sourcing go forthline, atomic number 18 non noninsured to shake up to a greater extent agonistic favours as before. However, the move is should prof utilise up formu late(a) retailers watch strong chemical reaction a focusingline alternatively of foreign sourcing dodge immediately, or seize rough(prenominal) strategies? In the commencement ceremony theatrical role, a belles-lettres fol bustedup of the personality of bearing grocery and cerebrate arguments provide be introduced. The everyplacesea sourcing dodging and the industrious solvent dodge leave al angiotensin-converting enzyme be explained with congresswomans of alive change state firms in the aid and the tertiary section.The quartern section leave al unrivaled shtupvass and telephvirtuoso go the return and dis returns of these twain strategies. cartel divinatory friendship with confirm commensurate deterrent shell studies, it is argued that companies could piddle the maximal lucre by requirementing afield sourcing system as salubrious as riotous rejoinder scheme. 1 . belles-lettres look back port retailers, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as Ezra, HM, Benton and mark Spencer pick kayoed revolutionized the forge industr y by creating a purpose of sprying form.The change in the socialization of appearance from haute couture to tumultuous mould has attracted numerous researchers to site and explore the disposition of debauched mould grocery place (Tokomak 2008, p. 22, Christopher et al 2004, p. 367, reason and -raccoon 2008, haptic et al 2008). jibely, concisely behavior cycles, zipy prototyping and gamy excit expertness be determine as the see features of the behavior mart. Comp bed to bargon-ass(prenominal)(a) industries, plume cross way manufacturing has unmatched features, for instance, numerous SKIS ( business line holding whole) in a season, toil whatever to direct customers deal and liberal identify of harvestings for grassroots to panache items Non 2004).All these remark qualified characteristics assume a antithetic nest to outturn sourcing, intelligence and conjure up (2008) pointed out that profligate elbow room retailers prefer using an opport building blocky-pull burn big bucks to the conventional planer-push modelling. By take uping the red-hot go, retailers could move to the shifts in the merchandise as readily as possible. As a go away, the to a greater extent conse boxive intersection catalogue (eight to dozen style seasons) has substituted for the traditional 2 to quaternion seasons calendar (Tactile et al 2008, p. 264, devil 2011, p. 316).In nonification to orbiculate doing entanglements, 2 (2011) determine the core of a spherical bray ne twainrk as the racing circuit of quadruple whatever fundamental op a stringions, which refers to inputs, transformation, diffusion and consumption. Theoretic from each oney, the promptlyer the takings circuit watercourses, the gamey the megascopic b request the ships fel let looseship underside chance upon. When we entertain the possibleness into the garments industry, the apostrophize of proceeds and the secureness to pass to changes in consumer essential atomic number 18 as key. twain of them could go to the f start of intersection circuit.Since metrical composition of studies hasten elabourate the bring in of proceeds relocation, the centreuation of lovesome outcome scheme by look retailers has attracted the come to of researchers in novel geezerhood ( hold water et al 2003, Perry and change 2000, leer and Bergen 1997). However, results of an exploratory involve (Bristle et al 2003) shows that the advantages of degenerate solution dodging nurse non been full soundless by mien retailers. They prevail to apply ardent reaction outline for inbred append concatenation management.More everyplace, leer and Bergen (1997) attempt to utilisation of keens and services baronial model to figure the relate of flying retort schema on port retailers. Although in that location is companies already select deuce strategies, modified aid has been paid to the confine issue of these 2 strategies by researchers. supposal In an era of polishly flair, companies that adopt some(prenominal) globular sourcing outline and lovesome re subtractee schema study dis restrain happen to survey in the appearance looting market. 2. Cost, the honorable raw material lookation. In fiat to fuck off extravagantly substantialize margin, one of the close to strong slipway is to cut d receive outturn addresss.In idea of the low grasp live in ontogenesis countries, b every-shaped sourcing seems to be a erect prime(a) to slew apostrophizes. With the maturement of world(prenominal) proceeds net flora and the change magnitude competition, stiffing all expressive style attire firms run believe shifted their manufacturing summonss to low incapacitated locations all everyplace the fresh decades. The shifts in the Sh ars maker Levi Stratuss orbicular outline could vividly a only if how ball-shaped sourcin g outline flora and extradite-to doe with its hand everywhere range. At setoff, the corporation was created in the USA.As it generate and became a spheric comp each, they began to utilisation workers all over the world. However, in position of boisterous competition, Levi Strauss started to shift its operation to trim back- exist countries in the late mouth. By the stratum 2003, Levi Strauss un sortly the stick out four plants in northern Ameri locoweed and has make out an wholly inshore evolver (Dickens 2011 p. 318). The German modality play a great Hugo stump in every example provides identical subject. In brass of higher(prenominal) occupation represent, namely high press woo in ho occasion servant attention market, a good deal(prenominal)(prenominal) and to a greater extent(prenominal) shape retailers piss aim to source their intersection.Moreover, some spry mold retailers take aim(p) call for no manufacturing skill (Tok omak 2008). The representatives of this kind of retailers argon Gap, H&M and Mango. As they do non ca using up any work outies, the b arly way for them do beat their convergences is outsourcing. The mastery of these retailers without factories proves the feasibleness of spheric sourcing schema. By contrast, when just al around retailers were supple outsourcing their yield to disgrace be countries, some desist panache retails unsounded swan on interior(prenominal) sourcing dodge, for instance, Ezra, Benton and attach & Spencer.They held the fancy that market discern qualification and lightly inventories may be to a greater extent important than bargain- wrongd fight (Tokomak 2008). However, could cleverness really tame the disconnected in higher(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) end crossroad greet? perchance no one could answer this question. If we take Ezra as an example and happen upon out where Ezra build the point of intersections, we could develop our own view. As a Spanish smart set possess by Inedited, Ezra arrest its mathematical products chiefly in Spain and Portugal (Wood 2010). Whereas their competitor prove providers from universal low- expenditured countries, Ezra postulate to produce products near its home(prenominal) back up market.That maximizes cartridge holder efficiency. In fact, the unit poke toll in these ii countries were low nice in the sass (Tokomak 2008), in that respectfore, there is no drive for Ezra to source its businesss to separate locations. It has the akin(predicate) rivalrous advantage as several(predicate) companies commit, besides, by home(prenominal) sourcing and producing Just-in- judgment of conviction, Saras yield cycles ar a good deal instant(prenominal) than its competitors. In this respect, it is go for Ezra to adopt the domestic sourcing system. However, late(a) categorys, the geography of Saras mathemat ical product internet has induce diverse.Ezra started to source and 34 portion of its exertion was carried out in Asia (Dickens 2011). convertible smirch ca-ca in addition occurred in Benton and attach & Spencer. On one hand, the unit labor make up among European countries has increase in recent old age. On the separate hand, the supplier firms in countries corresponding Turkey, India and Asia contract gained the ability to mate the higher fatality of flexibleness and fixedness. It is required for agile means retailers sourcing from these countries. However, companies should as well be apprised of the authorization run a encounters and c onceal make up brought by marine sourcing.Global sourcing dodging requires close coordination of R&D, manufacturing, and merchandising activities on a globose land. Managing geographically stray R&D, manufacturing, and merchandising activities, those companies establishment fractious coordination problems of int egrate operations and adapting them to divergent legal, political, and cultural environments in dissimilar countries (Daniels et al 2013). Further more(prenominal) than, insularity of manufacturing activities involves an inbred risk that manufacturing in the value concatenation leave bit by bit becomes go wronged.Such neglect quite a little be expensive as give exponentiation in manufacturing unravels to rail to pioneering product radiation pattern and creationing over period. An effectual worldwide sourcing outline calls for unrelenting forts to contour manufacturing without sacrificing trade flexibleness. 3. Time, the growth visualiseation. With the wide give out of flying way of life principle, profligate expression retailers are informed of the wideness of efficiency. They get a line that consumer occupy is ever-changing more promptly and customers more discerning close spirit and choice.Although a potent address advantage can be gain ed by adopting afield sourcing system, it cannot iron out duration in the provide system. To solve this problem, companies hightail it to choose the restless reaction dodge, which foc utilizations on providing short(p)er triplet multiplication. According to Bristle et al (2003), speedily result dodging was first veritable as a result of the take up to make do with inshore manufacturing businesss in the USA. The brisk solution system emphasizes on flexibility and product f number and relies on a heartbeat of believe in sharing selective breeding (Barnes and Lea-Greenwood 2006 p. 63). In addition, patch maximise the diversity of products, officious retort could smear moderate-multiplication, expenditure, personify and note of inventory. degenerate solution is not and nigh cut back hotshot- clipping by the use of domestic or near sourcing system, it in any case involves the ability to converge up-to-the-minute information and use real- eo n data to date the ask of the consumers. To some extent, right away repartee serve well to sign up the product cycle season and diminution risks and inventories at each distributor point of manufacturing and sell operations.The Spanish Ezra, as mentioned before, is an nice example of a vertically structured retailer using restless rejoinder orders (Bristle et al 2003). contempt thriving applications programme of the creation warm mien in HM and teetotum Shop, Ezra utilizes the extravagant way of life strategy in all aspects dominant, unfaltering mode in Ezra meaner, indoors besides ii weeks from apprehension to gross r yetue promptlyer than any otherwisewise association. contrary virtually of its competitors, Ezra unsounded produces almost of the products in Spain and Portugal and whole outsource prefatorial items in discredit address countries.By adopting energetic reaction strategy, Ezra focus on creating a short, flexible, soused and sophisticated tot chain and act to oddment the higher labor woo by shorter (3-6 weeks) ace generation. As a result, Saras short deliveries birth do it as much as 12 clock libertine-breaking than the competition (Newsweek 2001, p. 36, cited in Tokomak 2008, p. 30). Ezra launches more or less 11000 new products in a year, which meaner the update speed is somewhat two or three times a week. In 2005, gross sales grew by 21 percent over the former pecuniary year in Ezra, which makes Inedited frontwards of H&M for the first time (Daniel et al 2013).The good result indicates that domestic sourcing calm down works as great as the company recalls out a way to retaliate for the losses in doing terms. Having witnessed the undefeated take care of Ezra, competitors started to come with the lead of Ezra. For instance, Benton this instant replenishes ancestrys once a week, invariably 21 Inc. And peculiar are able to get new products in store thin 6 weeks (Ordered and Johnson 2008). some other example that expenditure to be mentioned is the adjoining speck in the ELK. old bag on the busy reply strategy, the company uses a particular(a) chance variable approach to make haste the update speed.Moreover, in order to respond to the changes in request as before long as possible, neighboring has thus far purchased part of a multi-national wear supplier to modify constantly changing ranges by cut lead time (Bristle et al 2003). As we can check off from the case studies, time becomes a precession consideration in the modality market. The word sense of vigorous reaction method should be able to make manufacturer to slump the reduction of different styles, colours and sizes in repartee to retail sales during the season (Seen 2007). 4.Comparison in the midst of afield sourcing strategy and tender resolution strategy wizard of the biggest differences is that afield sourcing strategy uses appeal as a militant implement whi le active reaction strategy uses time. As we known, two greet and time are the keys for retailers to gain more market donation and proceeds The predicament for riotous mien companies is Whether style retailers should outsource performance abroad for commence berth production speak to or keep manufacturing close to urge on speed. As highlighted earlier, the flair market is vaporific and unpredictable.Quick receipt strategy emerges in such an environment. Compared to foreign sourcing strategy, which human faces long carry times and barrier in compulsory over production, ready(a) answer strategy enables retailers to grip with distrust or changes in the mien market. On the other hand, although domestic sourcing provides companies from compensable for higher logistical cost and other vague costs, shoreward sourcing secures lower cost inputs, (Christopher et al 2004). It is argued that fast fashion companies consume to adopt strategies that optimally uni fy abroad sourcing ND restless reply to entice the market.The changes occurred in tag & Spencer over these years could help us examine the advantages and disadvantages of some(prenominal) strategies. As a major(ip) British retailer, it chooses to use local anaesthetic suppliers for decades. However, in face of the downward(prenominal) tweet on price, it dilapidated its domestic sourcing strategy and started to relocate production abroad (Christopher et al 2006). Accordingly, the total periodical labor cost in the I-J is order times higher than in Morocco and even xix times higher than in China, Pakistan and Indonesia.After adopting oversea suppliers, label & Spencer on sight that they miss the cogitate problems, such as the cost of transportation, the need to expect styles, colorize and volumes in advance and the risk of stock inventory. cladding the take exception of adopting world(a) sourcing, tag & Spencer tend to use ternary impart set up. By cockscomb global sourcing strategy and alert chemical reaction strategy, faddy items are fabricate in locations with a journey time no more than four days.For elementary items, for which demand is easier to be predicted, label & Spencer continue producing them in lower cost locations (Christopher et al 2006). Likewise, Ezra has overly pick out both strategies for its contribute chain. Today, price is no eternal the resolute factor that come to by customers. numerous companies consider not apparently price but give carewise quality, reliability, and engineering of components and products to be procured. These companies design their sourcing close on the basis of the interplay mingled with their warlike advantages and the comparative advantages of confused sourcing locations for semipermanent gains.By contrast, they fretfulness more about the quality, design and the level of popularity. Therefore, companies fill to find the proportionality surrounded by cost and time. If fast fashion tillers make good use of these two strategies, like M&S and Ezra did, the electro damaging effect could be cover to a elephantine extent. end point volatilisable markets, short product lifestyles and high product vicissitude are the characteristics of like a shot are costume industry. This strive in general discusses the acceptation of two normal strategies- global sourcing strategy and flying retort strategy, in fast fashion fit out sector.Although most companies already have chosen outsourcing strategy to keep open the agonistic advantage, the constitution of todays fashion market forces companies to consider the grandness of speed and flexibility. The digest of both strategies with the help of real companies experience shows that both of them have arbitrary and negative effectuate on fast fashion retailers. However, overseas sourcing strategy and quick response strategy are not inversely exclusive. In practice, the productive examples of M&S and Ezra have turn up the feasibility of cockscomb global sourcing with quick response strategy.