Barriers to Health Maintenance and Disease Prevention

Barriers to wellness Maintenance and Disease streakRedante CastroIntroduction on that point atomic number 18 many factors that interfere with wellness im spokespersoniality and the competency of the patients to get their wellnessc ar needs met. Whether populate atomic number 18 brawny or non, is determined by their circumstances and environment. on that point ar ch in allenges that a patient and wellness handle providers encounters in securing and providing health work. These social determinants of health, much(prenominal) as income, education, transportation, housing, and race or ethnicity, ca-ca powerful bring on a patients life long before they arrive at a hospital or clinic.According to literature, persistent social expulsion and inequities in wealth distribution and in access and use of services are reflected in health outcomes. cordial exclusions and inequity are obstacles to kind-hearted development. It poses barriers to pauperization reduction strategie s. It hinders social unity and mendd health characterises of the creations. Social exclusion and inequity are come along compounded by racial and gender discrepancy. There are health disadvantages due to differences between segments of populations or between societies. There are health gaps arising from the differences between the worse-off and every whiz(a) else. Lastly, on that point are health gradients relating to differences across spectrum of the population. Studies have shown that the poorest of the poor have the worst health. This is as well as a global phenomenon, seen in wiped out(p), middle, and high income countries. Within countries, studies showed that a unmarried with low socioeconomic position has worse health- this is the social gradient of health. The poorest have the highest mortality rates. Improvements in income and education has a positive effect on health. Ones occupation is withal relevant to health in terms of workplace risks exposure and its ro le in positioning the person along a societys hierarchy. There is also demographic transition to consider that tinges health, i.e., increasing life expectancy, increasing number of youths, outgrowth number of elderly persons in the population, increased migration, and rapid urban growth. existence distribution and population age structure are crucial determinants of social, economic, and health-related services. For example, the great unwashed in poverty are likely to be exposed to high level of stress, economic uncertainty, and unhealthy conditions than their wealthier countrymen.It was recognized by some policymakers and s make waterholders that the populations health female genital organnot be sustained by focusing only if on the financing and distribution of checkup services. A more ecumenical and integrated strategies are indispensable to foster health in all policies. An approach that integrate considerations of health, well- universe, and equity in the development, i mplementation, and evaluation of policies and services. Determinants of health are being accognitiond and incorporated into health reform processes and policy changes are made. Examples of these policy changes are regulation of alcohol and tobacco products, the expansion of healthy transportation bodys (bicycle paths, pedestrian-friendly roads, and pathways), improvement in air and water quality, expansion of essential health care services, and improvements in nutrition programs. This new focus has helped remove the emphasis away from individual lifestyles and from a focus on indisposition towards broader determinants and actions that created a big impact on population health. However, it is probably exquisite to say that all lodge issues are political to some degree. For example, if a factory is poisoning town water system with its effluent and injurious waste, local officials are faced with the choice of not dealing with the unquestionable cause of the problem, i.e., the dumping of waste and endangering citizens health, or addressing the dumping and endangering citizens job. Differences of political opinion can have enormous consequences in the health of the community.Health is not merely the absence of nausea or infirmity. It is the personification of somatogenic, mental, social, emotional and spiritual wellbeing (World Health organization, 2007). Spiritual wellbeing involves ones religious whimsy. Religious belief is essentially personal and confidential matter over which the individual should exercise control and choice. It is of value to gain the relative importance of religious beliefs and practices in protecting and promoting the health of the mess of religious faith and the need to protect their rights to practice this belief drop from discrimination. There is an abundant evidence in literature that religiousness can generate multitude benefits in health outcomes. For spate of faith, their religion and belief system whitethorn influ ence individual health-promoting practices, for example encouraging temperance from alcohol or not eating pork. They may also influence social environments. Strong social champion and participation have been fix to be associated with better health/ longer life and may be offered by some religious communities. To people of faith, prayer is very eventful while seeking healthcare or undergoing procedures, a prayer of support and encouragement when unfavorable conclusion was received. There are some religious group that blood and blood products are not to be part of any handling. For some religious groups, contraceptives, abortion and anti-life practices are against their belief system. With these in mind, alternative ways are to be sought to promote the health and wellbeing of the individual without compromising their belief system.Values are criteria that people use to evaluate actions, people and events. What is important to a person may not be important to someone else. Each in dividual holds numerous values with varying degrees of importance. Values are motivational construct. They refer to the desired goals people strive to attain. People have different health care value system. There are three ways people go out view their health how they became ill, what made them ill, and how they believed they can be cured. Example, people from the east (China) would value acupuncture for pain management option. This in turn lead cause health care providers to look at health treatment plan to accommodate those needs. Among Asian cultures, maintain family harmony is an important value. The interests and pay back of the family are more important than those of individual family members. Older family members are respected, and their leave is often unquestioned. Therefore, due to respect for authority, dis go forment with treatment recommendation by the health team is avoided. (McLaughlin, L. Braun, K. 1998).Ethnic discrimination and exclusion affects all aspects of the individuals life, including those related to health. Studies show that indigenous working people has low income, low educational level, poor access to healthcare, and has high mortality rate. Health screening, diagnosis, and treatment inequities within and between communities of different race, ethnicity and socioeconomic background are evident. Poverty barriers are linked to lack of primary care physicians, geographical barriers to care, competing survival priorities, comorbidities, in decent health insurance, lack of information and noesis, risk promoting lifestyles, provider-and system-level factors, comprehend susceptibility to sickness, cultural beliefs and attitudes. Social exclusion can be the result of prejudice, which results in different access to health care, education, or other services.These are social norms of acceptance of particular behaviors or practices. Culture influences how people limit illness or wellness, how they understand the causes of illness or wellness, and whom they access to improve their health. Greater support from families, friends and communities is linked to better health. Culture-customs and traditions, and the beliefs of the family, practices and behaviors, and community all affect health and even the outcomes of intercession. Example smoking, or even alcohol abuse, may be accepted part of the culture of a community. In that case, many more people will adopt it than in a community where those practices are considered health risks.Some people think that health is not having any complaint or illness, something that one feels. A paper from a conference of international health experts in 2011 sees health as the ability to adapt and to self-manage (Jocelyn Lowinger 2014).Medical News Today (2014) claims that most people accept that there are two aspects of health, physical and mental health. Most people relates physical health to honourable body health because of regular physical natural action (exercise), good n utrition, and adequate rest. To some people, physical health involves structural health and chemical health. Structural health is associated with ones height/ burthen ratio, body mass index, resting heart rate, and recovery time after exercise. chemic health suggests that there are no toxic chemicals in ones body and that there is a balance of nutrients needed by the body. Mental health on the other hand refers to peoples cognitive and emotional well-being. People have always found it easier to rationalize what mental illness is, rather than mental illness. Most people agree that mental health is the absence of mental illness. Mental health, to some people includes the ability to enjoy life, the ability to bounce back from adversities, the ability to fall upon balance, to be flexible and adapt, the ability to feel safe and secure and reservation the best of what you have. Some views health as reflecting lifestyle, including a moral belongings and emotional well-being (MacInnes Milburn 1994). Healthy behavior as not smoking, good diet, exercising, and not drinking alcohol to excess, a positive approach to life. venerable people concepts of health were identified as the absence of affection, as a dimension of strength, weakness and exhaustion and health as a useable fitness. (Williams, R. (1983)Concepts of Health an analysis of fructify Logic. Sociology 17185-204).Illness results from invalidating attitudes, arising from a conflict between the individual and society-lifestyles in its widest sense. Ideas about causes of disease tend to emphasize biological rather than behavioral factors. Some of the agents of disease cited by working class women included infection, hereditary factors and environmental factors. The causes of disease are very much outside the control of the individual. Studies have also shown that peoples ideas about disease causation and vulnerability from illness are also influenced by biomedicine, example, and germ theory. However, pe ople tend to take on beliefs which tend to fit with their lay understandings. (Calnan, M. (1987) Health and Illness the Lay perspective. London Tavistock). (Blaxter, M (1983) The Causes of Disease Women Talking, Social Science and Medicine, 1643-52). On the other hand, non-Western people views illness into two main systems consort to anthropologists- personalistic and naturalistic. Personalistic system views illness to be caused by the active and purposeful intervention of an agent that may be a supernatural being such as a deity or a god, a non-human being such as a ghost, ancestor, or evil spirit, or a human being such as a witch or a sorcerer. In this system, the sick person is a victim, the object of penalization directed specifically against him, for reasons that concerns him alone. In naturalistic system, illness is explained in impersonal, general terms. There is a concept of balance and equilibrium. Health prevails when elements in the body heat, cold, the humors, etc. are in balance appropriate to the age and condition of the individual in his natural and social environment. (Foster, G. Anderson, B. (1978) Medical Anthropology New York Jon Wiley). There are also beliefs or superstition that people believes as anorectic factor of illnesses.An understanding of peoples ideas about health aliment and disease prevention is crucial to the success of health education and health promotion programs. Ones health beliefs may contribute to the companionship of informal health care-how people manage their own health and whether they rent biomedical health services. humanity attitudes towards health master copys and their authority as medical experts are changing. The days of blind trust in a physician who knows best is history. Social and cultural processes that have encouraged change in interpersonal trust relations have stimulated changes in institutional trust. Beliefs about the limits of medical expertise together with concerns about the effectiven ess of professional regulatory systems to ensure high standards of clinical care, magnified by the media reportage of medical errors and examples of medical incompetence, have eroded trust in health care organizations, in the medical professions in general, and in the health system as a whole. The lower level of institutional trust and the matter of more informed and potentially demanding patients who are aware that expert knowledge may be contested and who may actively seek further opinions poses challenges for both governments and the medical professions and raises the question of whether trust is still relevant and necessary to the provision of medical care in the 21st century. (Trust relations in health care new agenda/The European Journal of Public Health 2006)There should be policies to improve health in proterozoic life, such as equal opportunity of access to education, good nutrition, health education access to health and preventive care facilities and access to adequate social and economic resources. Legislations to help protect minority and vulnerable groups from discrimination and social exclusion should be implemented. Government should intervene to reduce poverty and social exclusion at both individual and neighborhood levels. There should be policy regarding improvement in conditions of work and employees involvement in decision making process. For individuals who turn to drugs, alcohol and tobacco use there should be a policy that aims to address the patterns of social deprivation in which the problems are rooted. Effective drug policy must be back up by the broad framework of social and economic policy.ConclusionCountries, such as New Zealand can develop health policy changes in assembling and promoting effective, evidence based practices, place health equity as a shared goal across governments and other sectors of society, build a sustainable global movement and to turn public health knowledge into political action. Governments should rec ognize that welfare programs need to address both psychosocial and hooey needs.